As focal therapy gains popularity as a less invasive treatment option for some men with prostate cancer, a national study led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh found that some men may be receiving treatment that is either unnecessary or not aggressive enough for their cancer.

Three decades after UC San Francisco pioneered “active surveillance” for patients with low-risk prostate cancer, a new study has found that the vast majority of veterans with the diagnosis pursued this option instead of treatment.

Three minutes of sprinting can do something that 90 minutes of moderate exercise apparently cannot: dramatically reshape the molecular contents of the bloodstream. Rockefeller researchers comparing different intensities of exercise found that six sets of 30-second, all-out sprints altered nearly a quarter of the proteins measured immediately afterward. Moderate, continuous cycling for 90 minutes altered fewer than one-quarter of 1%. And while moderate treadmill running changed more proteins than cycling, it still altered far fewer than a quick sprint.

Most neuroscience research still runs on mice, even though much of what applies to mice does not hold up in humans. Marmosets have emerged as a bridge between species. However, comparing the brains of mice and marmosets runs into a chicken-and-egg problem. Scientists need to know which part of one brain matches the respective region of the other, but almost every brain map draws those areas differently.

An international study has found that despite two decades of global tobacco control efforts, the message still is not getting through to enough smokers that smoking and secondhand smoke cause heart attacks and strokes.